Viscosity of motor oils
Viscosity and specifications
At the factory, the engine is filled with special high-quality multigrade oil, which is suitable, with the exception of extremely cold climatic zones, for operation in all seasons.
When adding oil to the engine, it is also possible to add oil of one specification to oil of another specification. The viscosity class of the oil should be selected in accordance with the data in fig. Viscosity of motor oils. If the air temperature is only briefly outside the temperature limits given here, the oil should not be changed.
Gasoline engines
A - all-weather oils with increased anti-friction properties, specification VW 500 00.
B - all-weather oils, specification VW 501 01;
– all-weather oils, API-SF or SG specifications.
Diesel engines
A - all-weather oils with enhanced anti-friction properties, specification VW 500 00 (for turbocharged diesel engines only in mixtures with specification VW 505 00).
B - all-weather oils, specification VW 505 00 (unlimited for all diesel engines);
- multigrade oils, API-CD specification (for turbocharged diesel engines only in case of emergency for topping up);
- multigrade oils, specification VW 501 01 (for turbocharged diesel engines only in mixtures with specification VW 505 00).
The quality of motor oils
All-weather oils according to VW 501 01 and 505 00 standards are relatively inexpensive oils with the following qualities:
- year-round use in temperate climate zones;
- excellent cleaning properties;
- good lubricity at all temperatures and engine loads;
- high stability of initial properties for a long time.
All-weather oils with improved anti-friction properties according to the VW 500 00 standard have, in addition, additional advantages:
- year-round use at almost all possible outdoor temperatures;
- low engine power losses due to friction;
- simplification of cold start of the engine - also at very low temperatures.
Warning: Seasonal oils, due to their specific viscosity-temperature properties, should not normally be used all year round. Therefore, these oils should only be used in extreme climatic zones.
Warning: When using multigrade oils of SAE 5W-30 class, it is necessary to avoid prolonged operation of the engine at high speed and constant heavy load on the engine. These restrictions do not apply to multigrade oils with improved antifriction properties.
Additives for motor oils
No friction loss additives should be added to engine oils.
Oil mixing
This and similar questions are of interest to many motorists. The answer to the first one is, unfortunately, no, even if these are oils from firms "with a worldwide reputation" (Shell, Mobil, British Petroleum). Each company produces commercial oils, adding to the oil base a whole range of additives, the chemical composition of which is kept in great secret. Therefore, many high-quality oils of the same purpose, made according to the requirements regarding the operational and technical properties of the international API classification and the European specification CCMS-ACEA, but according to the technologies of different companies, when mixed, are able to create low-quality mixtures due to the interaction and mutual destruction of additives, that is "incompatibility" additives. Oils from different companies are interchangeable, the possibility of using such oils is often indicated by engine builders. But that doesn't mean they can be mixed. The API classification and the ACEA specification require the same test methods (laboratory, bench - motor, etc.) oils from different companies. If desired (or need) motor builders may introduce additional tests (or more stringent conditions) to these classifications.
The same applies to mixing mineral or synthetic oils (sometimes even the same company). Synthetic oils may have a hydrocarbon composition (in such cases, oils of the same company can be mixed, for which the manufacturer of the oil recommends and for which he is responsible), other chemical composition. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for oils to deteriorate when mixed. As a result, this may "knock" engine, as a mixture of incompatible oils turns into "jelly".
An even more negative answer to the question of the possibility of mixing imported and domestic oils, especially those made with the additive "domestic" additives. Neither the seller nor the consumer knows the composition of the additives that are in the oils. Some oils "domestic origin" produced "firms", who do not even have basic knowledge of petroleum products. Sometimes like this "specialists" waste oils are used (even without proper regeneration) to production "commodity". At the same time, the corresponding quality. Therefore, advice on the possibility of mixing oils must be given very carefully!
None "cleaners" ("Tocron" and etc.) unable to increase the octane number of gasoline. For this, special additives are used - antiknock agents, which are added during the manufacture of gasoline at refineries, or additives. Cause of detonation (a metallic noise is heard while the engine is running) and glow ignition (the engine continues to run when the ignition is off) there may be deposits in the combustion chamber.
Increasing the compression in the system "with some additives" occurs not due to viscosity additives, since they do not have them in their composition, but for other reasons.
It is not advisable to reduce oil waste in an old engine and increase compression in the cylinders by using high-viscosity oils, since this will initially lead to a real increase in compression in the cylinders, but not for long. In the future, engine repairs will cost more.
Cause "acoustic noise" in an old engine is its wear. Therefore, it will be cheaper to repair with the subsequent use of high-quality oil. Can "decrease" gaps with additives, but the expediency of this should be sorted out so as not to harm the engine.
Briefly about "marine oils" and the possibility of their use in "automotive diesels". There are different oils. Special marine oils for diesel engines belong to group E, for example, M-16E30, M-16E60, M-20E60, designed for low-speed diesel engines running on high-sulphur, high-viscosity fuel - fuel oil. These oils have technical and operational properties (quality indicators), which differ from the quality indicators of automotive diesel oils, so their use in automotive diesel engines is impossible. There are marine oils of group D, for example, M-10DCL20, M-14DCL20, M-14DCL30, which are used in diesel engines running on high-sulphur fuel. Oils are waterproof, but have a high base number and high ash content. For automotive diesels, this is increased engine wear, which over time may not pay off with free oil. Oil M-16DR for marine diesel engines that run on distillate fuel - diesel fuel with a higher viscosity compared to the viscosity of an automobile and a sulfur content of up to 0.5%, can be used in automobile diesel engines in the summer (for heavy trucks, not cars).
It is necessary to make it a rule: use high-quality engine oil of the same brand that matches the engine (by classification) and not risk mixing it with the same synthetic (or semi-synthetic) oil. The engine will thank for this reliable work. Do not buy oil from your hands, as the packaging is easy to fake.
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