Passat cars are equipped with four-, five- and six-cylinder engines. On four-cylinder engines, the cylinders are located in one plane, and on six-cylinder engines, the cylinders are located in two planes, at an angle of 90°to each other (V6). Engines are cooled with coolant. The engines are located in the engine compartment along the axis of the car. The cylinder block is made of cast iron. The cylinder head is made of lightweight aluminum alloy and is bolted to the cylinder block. Steel guides and valve seats are pressed into the cylinder head. A crankcase is attached to the bottom of the engine block, into which oil flows, which is necessary for lubricating and cooling the engine.
Gasoline engines use a cross-flow arrangement in which the air-fuel mixture enters the engine cylinders from one side of the engine and the exhaust gases are removed from the other side of the engine. With this engine design, the filling of the cylinders with a fuel-air mixture and the removal of combustion products are significantly improved. On diesel engines, to save space, the intake manifold and exhaust manifold are located on the same side of the cylinder head.
Valve clearance adjustment is automatic using hydraulic tappets and does not require manual adjustment. To supply oil to the rubbing surfaces of the engine, an oil pump is used, which in four- and five-cylinder engines is located in the crankcase and is driven by an intermediate shaft. On six-cylinder engines, the oil pump is located in the front cover of the crankshaft and is driven directly from the crankshaft. Under pressure, oil is supplied to the channels to the bearings of the crankshaft and camshaft.
The water pump on four- and five-cylinder engines is mounted on the side of the engine block. The water pump is driven by a V-belt or ribbed auxiliary belt, which also drives the alternator, power steering pump and air conditioning compressor. On a six-cylinder engine, the water pump is located at the front of the engine and is driven by a toothed belt. Keep in mind that the engine cooling system should be filled year round with a mixture of antifreeze and water with a low lime content. The preparation and ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinders is carried out by the engine control system, which does not require adjustment. The ignition timing and idle speed are controlled by the engine management system. During maintenance, it is necessary to replace the spark plugs and the air filter element.
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