- 1 - engine,
- 2 - clutch,
- 3 - gearbox,
- 4 - drive shaft,
- 5 - power take-off shaft,
- 6 - output shaft,
- 7 - front differential,
- 8 - differential,
- 9 - cardan shaft,
- 10 - rear main gear drive pinion,
- 11 - rear differential,
- I - first gear,
- II - second gear,
- III - third gear,
- IV - fourth gear,
- V - fifth gear,
- R - reverse gear,
- A1 - front axle drive,
- A2 - rear axle drive,
- T - tachodrive
All-wheel drive vehicles are designated by the word SYNCRO. To drive the rear wheels, the vehicle is additionally equipped with a transfer case, a cardan shaft, a rear main gear and rear drive shafts. A special differential is used to equalize the speed of rotation of the front and rear wheels. In addition, the special differential redistributes the torque between the front and rear axles of the vehicle. When the wheels of one of the vehicle axles slip, the torque transmitted to the other axle automatically increases. This improves the adhesion of the vehicle wheels to the road surface. On the axle where the contact of the wheels with the road surface decreases, the torque transmitted to this axle also decreases, as a result of which the vehicle's resistance to lateral skidding increases. Regardless of this, the special differential allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, which is necessary for the normal operation of the anti-lock braking system. The distribution of torque in the special differential is performed using gear wheels and a worm differential.
[The article is posted on this website: VWMANUAL]
The special differential operates autonomously, without control signals. The technical parameters of the differential are determined by the parameters of the worm differential. The basic principle that is embedded in the differential is that worm differentials rotate easily and freely on one side, and with difficulty or do not rotate at all on the other side. The process of redistribution of torques occurs very quickly and smoothly, while its external manifestations are not noticeable.
A special differential is attached to the gearbox housing. The differential is lubricated with the same oil as the gearbox. No oil change is required.
The rear main gear with differential is filled with GL5 SAE 90 transmission oil. The amount of oil is 1.5 l. Oil change during vehicle operation is not provided. The oil level is checked through a special hole.
Repair of the special differential and rear final drive must be carried out only at a specialized service station.
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