Figure 382. Transmission diagram of all-wheel drive vehicles: 1 - engine; 2 - clutch; 3 - drive shaft; 4 - gearbox; 5 - drive shaft; 6 - front interwheel differential; 7 - front angular gearbox; 8 - output gear: 9 - cardan shaft; 10 - viscous coupling; 11 - rear interwheel differential; 12 - freewheel clutch; 13 - rear axle gearbox; 14 - rear angular gearbox
The front and rear axles of these vehicles are connected to each other by a viscous coupling (viscous coupling), and the rear axle differential is equipped with a freewheel clutch. When one of the front axle wheels slips due to the increased speed of the transmission shafts, the silicone fluid inside the viscous coupling quickly heats up with a sharp increase in its viscosity, while the clutch acts as a partially or almost completely locking interaxle differential, increasing the traction capacity of the rear axle wheels. When the car brakes, the rear axle freewheel clutch is activated, preventing the circulation of power between the axles, which allows the car to maintain good stability and controllability during braking.
When driving a four-wheel drive vehicle, it is important to remember that it is generally more stable when driving on slippery roads and on turns. However, it behaves less predictably when skidding begins, since both drive axles can skid, and the so-called general skid of the vehicle will occur.
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