The elements are interconnected, and conical endings are directed to opposite fingers of the first and last element, forming the positive and negative poles of the battery. The capacity of a battery is its ability to store an electrical charge. It depends on the size and number of plates in one cell, the density and temperature of the electrolyte, as well as the strength of the current discharge.
1. The electrolyte level should be checked once a week in summer and once a month in winter.
2. The liquid level should be 5mm above the plates. If there are symbols on the battery case that determine the required electrolyte level, then it is necessary to supplement the electrolyte in accordance with these symbols. Top up with distilled water only.
3. If the electrolyte level is very high, it may splash out of the battery during continuous high current charging (e.g. during long trips during the day). A very low electrolyte level will shorten the life of the battery as the plates can sulphate.
4. Knowing the density of the electrolyte together with the voltage value allows you to accurately orient yourself regarding the state of charge of the battery. A hydrometer is used to measure the battery charge. The larger the value of the characteristic mass of the absorbed electrolyte, the more the float emerges. The density of the electrolyte is read on the scale as a characteristic (own) weight (p/ml).
5. Freezing point depends on electrolyte density Electrolyte density Freezing point
1.10 p/ml 10°С
1.18 p/ml 24°C
1.28 p/ml 57°С
Caution: An unused battery will discharge. If the battery is not checked and recharged in a timely manner, the plates will be damaged. If the car is parked for several weeks, the battery must be discharged every 4 weeks (e.g. low beam) and charge it again until it is fully charged.
Pic. 4.1. Battery
1 - positive pole of the battery; 2 - negative battery terminal (ground clamp); 3 - battery case, 4 - openings of individual elements; 5 - to the starter; 6 - to the D+ terminal of the generator; 7 - power supply of the fuse box; 8 - wire to the mass of the gearbox; 9 - front right bundle of wires.
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