The gearbox and main gear, together with the differential, are housed in one housing. The rotation from the engine through the gearbox, through the small and large gears is transmitted to the axle shaft. Inside the gear wheel there is a differential case, in which there are 4 bevel gears meshing with each other. Two of these gears are connected to half shafts.
While we are driving in a straight line, both front wheels are rolling at the speed of the large final drive gear. The bevel gears of a differential case moving at the same speed are at rest. When traversing a curved path, the wheel on the outside of the curve must travel a longer distance than the inside wheel. At this moment, the bevel gears turn: the faster rotation of the outer wheel and its bevel gear acts through both transmission bevel gears on the bevel gear of the inner wheel, which rotates more slowly. This is necessary, otherwise the car would drive jerkily on an uneven track.
However, the differential also has a negative effect when the drive wheel slips, for example, on ice. Then, practically no force is transmitted to the other drive wheel, the car does not move.
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