IN "Volkswagen", as in other cars, a lead battery is installed. In a battery, when discharging, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy, and when charging, the reverse process occurs.
Lead plate serves as an electrode, it is in contact with dilute sulfuric acid (electrolyte). The plate, under the influence of the solution, gives off positive ions, that is, electrically charged particles, into the electrolyte. Due to this, an electrical voltage appears between the lead plate and the electrolyte.
In practice, however, one does not rely on this "voluntary" the transition of charged particles, but give the battery voltage, charge it. Due to this, the effect is obtained: the lead sulfate of the plates of the rechargeable battery is converted at the positive electrode into lead dioxide, and at the negative electrode into porous lead. At the same time, sulfuric acid is reduced in the electrolyte. An external sign of a completely completed charging process is the rise of gas bubbles.
When discharging, the reverse process occurs. The lead dioxide of the positive plate and the porous lead of the negative are again converted to lead sulfate, with the sulfuric acid being weakened and water being formed. Therefore, when discharging, the density of the electrolyte decreases.
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