The electrolyte consists of sulfuric acid diluted with distilled water. Some of this water can evaporate or, during charging, turn into hydrogen and oxygen. The fluid level in conventional batteries should be topped up regularly.
Maintenance-free batteries according to DIN 72311 have a larger liquid volume. Under normal conditions, they should do without additional filling with distilled water for the entire period of their service.
High ambient temperatures, prolonged exposure to hot regions, a defective alternator voltage regulator, self-discharge when the machine is idle for long periods of time, and deep discharge due to parking lights on at night all cause increased water loss.
Batteries that are completely maintenance-free are the most expensive modifications. Since they have no fluid loss, they do not have plugs.
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