The electrical system is a 12-volt negative ground system and consists of a battery, generator, starter, electrical consumers and electrical circuits.
Fuses are used to protect electrical circuits, the color of which corresponds to the fuse protection current. The serviceability of a fuse is determined by the presence of a wire conductor connecting the fuse contacts.
When working on electrical equipment, remove the ground cable from the battery to prevent the possibility of short-circuiting electrical circuits.
The engine's electrical equipment includes the ignition, charging and starting systems.
The battery is charged by a generator, which is driven by a belt from the crankshaft pulley.
The starter is a DC motor with compound excitation and an electromagnetic traction relay. When the engine is started, the traction relay moves the pinion into engagement with the flywheel ring gear before the starter is supplied with power from the battery. After the engine is started, the freewheel clutch disconnects the starter armature from the flywheel ring gear.
Warning: When working on the electrical system, to avoid damaging the semiconductor devices (diodes and transistors), the following requirements must be met:
(The original article is available at VWmanual)
- do not disconnect the battery, alternator or any electrical connectors while the engine is running;
- when performing any work, remove the negative terminal from the battery;
- when performing electric welding work on a vehicle, turn off the alternator and electronic control device;
- do not allow the engine to run with the generator disconnected from the electrical system;
- do not check the generator's functionality by shorting its output contacts to ground.
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