Above the main brake cylinder in the engine compartment under the cover is a compensation tank that provides brake fluid for both the brake system and the hydraulic clutch drive. The brake booster is actuated by the air vacuum formed in the intake manifold of gasoline engines. Thanks to the presence of a corresponding valve, the braking force generated by the brake pedal is increased if necessary with the help of a vacuum. Since the vacuum in the intake manifold of diesel engines is negligible or absent, a vacuum pump is installed on them for the brake booster. The vacuum pump is flange-mounted on the cylinder block and driven via the camshaft.
Brake pads are covered by an operating permit - ABE (Allgemeinen Betriebser-laubnis), in addition, they are designed by the factory for the corresponding car model. Therefore, it is recommended to use only brake pads that have been approved by the vehicle manufacturer or the federal motor vehicle agency - KBA (Kraftfahrtbundesamt). These brake linings have the appropriate KVA approval number.
Note: On roads that are very wet from rain, it is necessary to brake from time to time during the journey in order to free the brake discs from deposits. Due to centrifugal forces, water is discharged from the brake discs, but a thin silicone film, rubber wear products, grease and other contaminants remain, which reduce the effectiveness of the brakes.
Burnt dirt and rain cavities on the brake pads lead to the formation of marks on the brake discs. As a result, a decrease in the braking action may occur.
Safety note
Cleaning the brakes raises brake dust, which can cause health hazards. Therefore, when cleaning the brake system, care must be taken to ensure that this dust is not inhaled.
ABS/HBA/EBV/EDS systems
Work on electronically controlled braking and chassis components must only be carried out by specially trained personnel.
ABS (Anti-Blockir-System) - Anti-lock braking system prevents the wheels from locking during heavy braking. Thanks to this, the car remains steerable during braking.
NVA (hydraulischer Bremsasistent) - The hydraulic emergency braking system recognizes an emergency situation based on how quickly the brake pedal is pressed. In a matter of fractions of a second, the emergency braking system automatically creates additional brake pressure over and above the pressure generated by the driver through the brake pedal. Due to this, maximum braking of the car is created at the border of wheel blocking and the braking distance of the car becomes shorter, even if the driver does not press the brake pedal vigorously enough.
EBV (elektronische Bremskraft-verteilung)— the system of electronic distribution of brake forces reduces with the help of ABS hydraulics the braking forces for the rear wheels. Since the electronic control of the EBV is more sensitive than the mechanically acting brake force regulator, the control range becomes much wider. Vehicles with brand 60 ABS are equipped with an EBV system.
In a straight line, the rear wheel brakes absorb the full brake load. In order to ensure the stability of the vehicle when braking on a corner, the braking effect of the rear axle must be reduced. Using the ABS speed sensors, the EBV system determines whether the vehicle is moving straight ahead or in a curve. When driving on a curve, the brake pressure for the rear axle is reduced. This allows the rear wheels to take up the maximum side-slip force.
EDS (elektronische Differentialsperre) - The electronic differential lock system slows down the slipping wheels when starting off. Due to this, the torque is transferred to the wheel, which has a higher grip on the road surface.
The electronic differential lock is active when starting off and is automatically disengaged at vehicle speeds above 40 km/h. A particular advantage of this method of improving traction is that neither the driving dynamics nor the driving comfort during acceleration are adversely affected.
Operating instructions for ABS/EBV/EDS systems
Battery switch in the electronic control unit provides automatic shutdown of the system in the event of a malfunction (e.g. broken wire) or too low operating voltage (battery voltage below 10 volts). This is accompanied by a warning light on the instrument panel. At the same time, the normal braking system continues to function and the car behaves when braking as if the ABS system was not installed on it.
Safety note
If the ABS and brake system warning lamps are lit during a trip, then during heavy braking, the rear wheels are blocked, since the necessary distribution of brake forces in this case is not available.
If the warning light or warning lights on the instrument panel come on while driving, proceed as follows:
- Stop the car, turn off the engine and start it again.
- Check battery voltage. If the voltage is less than 10.5 volts, charge the battery.
Attention: If the warning lights come on at the beginning of the trip and go out after a while, this indicates that the battery voltage was initially insufficient, and then increased as a result of charging from the generator.
- Check if the battery terminals are tight enough and have good contact.
- Raise the car on the gantry, remove the wheels, check the electrical wires of the speed sensors of all four wheels for external damage (grinding). Other checks of the ABS/EBV/EDS systems must be entrusted to a workshop.
Attention: Before carrying out welding work with an electric welding machine, the ABS control unit must be disconnected in the engine compartment. Disconnect the plug connector only when the ignition is switched off. During painting work, the control unit can be exposed to a maximum temperature of +95°C for a short time and for a long time (no more than two hours) — exposure to temperature +85°C.
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