Thanks to the high filling factor, a power increase of up to 100% can be achieved in existing engines. The power increase depends, among other things, on the boost pressure, which for passenger car engines is usually between 0.4 and 0.8 bar (for comparison, tire pressure is approximately 1.8 bar). The boost pressure is constantly monitored by a sensor and regulated by the control unit. This ensures that the maximum boost pressure cannot be exceeded.
In addition to the engine power, the use of a turbocharger also increases the torque, which is desirable above all from the point of view of smooth engine operation. The prerequisite for this is, first of all, the rotation of the turbocharger rotor at a sufficient frequency, which guarantees the necessary filling of the cylinders with a fresh charge.
In this regard, the engines of POLO/SEAT cars use a turbocharger with variable position of the gas turbine guide vanes (VTG turbocharger - variable turbine geometry). The stepless regulation of the position of the turbine guide vanes is carried out by commands from the engine control unit via an electromagnetic valve and a vacuum membrane mechanism. As a result, at all crankshaft speeds, optimal boost pressure is created, which allows for higher torque and increased power, especially at low speeds.
To improve cylinder filling, a charge air cooler is located between the turbocharger and the engine intake manifold, which cools the air pre-compressed in the turbocharger. Thanks to this, the power output increases, since when the compressed air is cooled, its density and, accordingly, the proportion of oxygen in it increases.
Compared to a petrol engine, a diesel engine does not require a reduction in compression ratio due to the use of turbocharging, so that even at low crankshaft speeds the combustion energy of the injected fuel is fully utilized.
The turbocharger is an extremely precisely manufactured unit. As a rule, if a defect occurs, the turbocharger is replaced as an assembly.
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