Fuel is supplied by an electric fuel pump from the fuel tank through the fuel filter to the distribution tube, and then to the injectors. The pressure regulator in the distribution tube ensures a constant pressure of 2.0 bar. The oscillation generator in the pressure regulator reduces oscillations in the return hose.
Air is drawn in by the engine through the air filter and measured by the air mass meter. In the case of the air flow meter there is a valve shutter, which is deflected and held in a certain position under the influence of the air flow. The angular position of the shutter serves as a measure of the passing air flow. Signals from the gate through a potentiometer are fed to the control unit.
The control unit regulates the injection time and thus the amount of injected fuel in accordance with the measured air mass. With a longer opening of the nozzle, more fuel has time to be injected. Additional sensing elements and sensors ensure the supply of the right amount of fuel even in extreme driving situations.
The control valve of the idle speed stabilization system regulates the engine speed, especially during the warm-up process and when the engine is loaded with electricity consumers.
The throttle switch is located directly on the throttle shaft. It generates a control signal at the full throttle and idle throttle positions. Thanks to this, in particular, the traction is cut off, because when the idle contact of the switch is closed and at the same time the speed is higher than 1500 rpm, the control unit cuts off the fuel supply to the engine.
Lambda probe (oxygen sensor) measures the oxygen content in the exhaust gas stream on vehicles with a variable catalytic converter and transmits the corresponding voltage signals to the control unit. Based on information about the composition of the exhaust gases, the control unit changes the composition of the air-fuel mixture so that the exhaust gases can mostly be burned in the catalyst.
In the event of failure of the most important sensors, the control unit initiates a backup program to prevent damage to the engine and to continue driving. In this case, the engine starts to twitch and may stall.
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