When loosening nuts on bolts with protruding threads, always clean the protruding threads with a wire brush to remove dirt or rust. This will allow you to loosen the nut with less effort. Then treat the joint with an easily penetrating and corrosive agent such as «WD-40».
If you need to unscrew the bolt screwed into the welded nut (most often such connections are used on the body), if possible, treat the joint with a rust-corrosive agent. With such connections, it is very easy to strip the head of the bolt or damage the threads of the welded nut.
It can sometimes be extremely difficult to remove slotted or Phillips screws. A Phillips-head screwdriver slips out of the screw slot very easily and damages it in the process. To avoid this, you can put a screwdriver on the head of the screw and hit the handle of the screwdriver briefly with a hammer several times. In most cases, the screw is then easily unscrewed.
In today's automotive industry, screws with special heads are increasingly used, similar to, but not the heads of Phillips screws. These screw heads are called «Torx», and these screws are unscrewed with special nozzles that can be bought in the kit.
Hex socket head screws or polygon head screws (having at most 12 corners) can also cause difficulty in turning away. First of all, you need to clean the hole of the hex head (e.g. with a small screwdriver), to be able to insert an Allen key or Allen key. If necessary, a push-on head can be used. Before turning the screw, hit the socket head with a hammer to loosen the connection. Sometimes a curved hexagon is required to unscrew, but if it is difficult to unscrew it, then it is suggested to put on the long end of the hexagon wrench the box head of a small wrench or just a tube to increase the shoulder. Using a ring wrench as a lever, you can easily unscrew the bolt.
Pic. 13. adjustable wrench
Small, easily accessible hexagon head bolt can also be removed with an adjustable wrench (pic. 13), firmly squeezing it from the outside, especially if the edges of the inner head are torn off. When squeezing the wrench, try not to get your fingers into the one indicated in fig. 13 arrow space.
Pic. 14. Nut splitting tool
Difficulties may arise when loosening nuts and bolts, the edges of which have been torn off due to the use of a wrench of the wrong size. You can try to unscrew such a nut or bolt using the already mentioned adjustable wrench. Depending on the location of the nut, it can be cut with a chisel or sawn along the thread. In addition, a nut splitter can be used if there is enough space next to the nut to use it. The method of using the tool is shown in fig. 14. The tool bolt is tightened until the nut splits. The advantage of this method is that the thread of the bolt is not damaged.
Sometimes it happens that the head of the bolt breaks. In order to remove the rest of the thread in the center from the hole «bolt» drill a hole and use the so-called «corkscrew with left-hand thread». It is screwed like a bolt into a drilled hole. By tightening, the tool cuts into the bolt and can extract it in the process. If it was not possible to extract, then the only way remains - to drill the rest of the bolt approximately equal to (the diameter of the drill should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the bolt) drill diameter.
The spacer bolts are unscrewed with the help of two mutually locking nuts. When unscrewing, the key should be installed on the inner nut; when tightening, the key should be installed on the outer nut.
If the thread cut in aluminum parts is damaged when tightening the bolts, then you need to use threaded nozzles called «Heli-Coil». They can be screwed into an old hole with damaged threads.
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